Syllabus

B. A.Part – I

Credit Based Choice System(CBCS)

DSE (Discipline Specific Elective) – Geography-I Semester-I

June 2018 onwards

Physical Geography

Preamble:

The paper intends to acquaint the students with various dimensions of, as also thechallenges, confronting the physical geography. The Geography students of B. A. Part-I can bitterly understand all latest concepts in Physical Geography and Human Geography in brief but in adequatemanner. The objective of this course is to introduce the latest concepts in Physical Geography andHuman Geography, Specifically in Atmosphere, Lithosphere, Fluvial Cycle, Hydrosphere, Humanraces, Population growth, Characteristics of Population and Settlements.

Module – I Introduction to Physical Geography-

1.1 Meaning and Definitions,

1.2 Scope of Physical Geography,

1.3 Branches of Physical Geography,

1.4 Importance of Physical Geography

Module- II Atmosphere

2.1 Composition and Structure of Atmosphere,

2.2 Insolation: Factors affecting on Insolation,

2.3 Temperature: Distribution of temperature (Vertical and Horizontal),

2.4 Atmospheric Pressure: Belts and Planetary Winds.

Module – III Lithosphere

3.1 Interior of the earth,

3.2 Wagner’s Continental Drift Theory,

3.3 Earthquakes – Causes and Effects,

3.4 Volcano – Causes and Effects

Module – IV Denudation

4.1 Weathering: Concept and Types,

4.2 Davis Concept of Cycle of erosion,

4.3 Erosional Landforms of river.,

4.4 Depositional Landforms of river.

Geography-IISemester-II

Human Geography

Preamble:

 This paper intends to acquaint the students with various dimensions of, as also thechallenges, confronting the Indian economy. It endeavors to provide useful insights to the studentsabout the present economic standing and composition of the Indian economy, the major sectors andtheir relative importance in the Indian economy and the major challenges faced by it.

Module- I Human Geography

1.1 Definitions of Human Geography,

1.2 Scope of Human Geography,

1.3 Branches of Human Geography,

1.4 Importance of Human Geography

Module –II Population-

2.1 Factors affecting on distribution of population,

2.2 Malthus’ theory of Population Growth,

2.3 Demographic Transition Theory,

2.4 Migration: Types and Effects

Module –III Settlement-

3.1 Types and patterns of rural settlements,

3.2 Functions of Rural Settlements,

3.3 Factors affecting on urbanization,

3.4 Functions of Urban Centers

Module – IV Agriculture –

4.1 Origin and History of Agriculture,

4.2 Types of Agriculture,

4.3 Factors affecting on agriculture,

4.4 Problems of Agriculture

B.A. Part II (optional.) Geography

Sem. - III Paper - III

Soil Geography

3. Preamble:-

Soil Geography which is the most important and comparatively neglectedbranch of Physical Geography has been introduced to B.A. Part II. In this coursethe fundamental as well as basic concepts and knowledge of Soil Geography havebeen included. The present syllabus of this course includes nature, scope,significance of Soil Geography and its relevance to pedology; factors of soilformation ,soil formation process, soil erosion, soil degradation and conservationof soil; physical and chemical properties of soils, classification of soils and soil

Management

.

4. General Objectives Of The Course/ Paper:

i) Students should know soil geography is the fundamental branch of Physical Geography .

ii) To familiarize the students with the basic and fundamental concepts of soil geography.

iii) With this study, students understand soil is key resource for the development of any country.

iv) Students should know that concept, causes and controlling factors soil erosion, soil degradation and Conservation of Soils

v) Students should know the concept, need and methods soil of management

vi) Students should know classification, characteristics and distribution of soils.

Unit 1: Introduction to Soil Geography

1.1. Nature and Scope of Soil Geography.

1.2. Relationship of Soil Geography with Pedology.

1.3. Significance of Soil Geography.

Unit 2 Formation and Properties of Soils

2.1. Factors of Soil Formation: Parent Material, Organic, Climatic, Topographic.

2.2. Processes of Soil Formation and Soil Development: Physical, Biotic and

      Chemical.

2.3. Physical Properties of Soils: Morphology, Texture, Structure, Water, Air,

      Temperature.

2.4. Chemical Properties of Soils: pH, Organic Matter ,NPK(Nitrogen, Phosporous

       and Potassium) and Other Properties of Soils.

Unit3 Classification and Distribution of Soils

3.1. Genetic Classification of Soils

3.2. Characteristics and World Distribution of Soils.

3.3. Soil Erosion: Concept, Causes and Controlling Factors.

3.4. Degradation and Conservation of Soils.

Unit 4 Soil Management

4.1. Concept of Soil Management

4.2. Need of Soil Management

4.3. Methods of Soil Management

Part – II (Semester-III)

Paper- IV

Human Geography

.3. PREAMBLE:-

The B.A. course is a three years integrated course and at B.A part second the paper,Human Geography has been introduced which is a basic branch of Geography. Inthis branch along with the definition, nature, scope, branches and approaches of thestudy in human geography are focused. The concept of Environmentalism, Racial,Religious and Ethnic groups in the world, changing nature of man environmentrelationship, man environment conflicts and Ecological crisis, world populationgrowth and distribution human migration, population problems and populationpolicies specifically of India and Chaina have been included. With this studystudents can understand the relationship between man and environment withecological crises and they can get ideas about the population policies which areessential in modern world.

4. General Objectives of the Course/ Paper:

• To understand the Human Geography as a basic branch of Geography alongwith the

Dichotomy Environmentalism and Possibilism. It aims to understand the Racial groups in the world and man- environmentconflict and Ecological crises

• To understand world population growth, distribution and it also aims tofamiliarize the students

to the population policies.

Unit 1 Nature, Scope and Concept –

1. Definition, Nature and Scope,

2. Branches of Human Geography,

3. Approaches of the Study,

4. Concept of Environmentalism and Possibilism

Unit 2 18Human Race and Man Environment Relationship-

1. Human Races – Major Racial Groups and Classification,

2. Religious and Ethnic Groups in the World,

3. Changing nature of Man-Environment relationship,

4. Man Environment Conflict and Ecological crises

Unit 3 18Growth and Distribution of Population-

1. Factors Affecting the Distribution of the World Population,

2. World Growth of Population,

3. Distribution of the World Population,

4. Theories of Population Growth – Malthus Theory andDemographic Transition Theory

Unit 4 12Human Migration and Population Problems-

1. Human Migration: Types, Causes and Consequences,

2. Population problems in the World,

3. Population Policies in – China and India

Sem. ‐IV

Paper ‐V

             Oceanography

3. Preamble:-

Oceanography which is the most important and comparatively neglectedbranch of Physical Geography has been introduced to B.A. Part II. In this coursethe fundamental as well basic concepts and knowledge of oceanography have beenincluded. The present syllabus of this course includes definition nature, scope,history and significance of Oceanography and its relevance to the earth andatmospheric sciences; properties and dynamics of oceanic water, oceanic currentsand their influence and applied oceanography.

4. General Objectives of the Course/ Paper

i) Students should know oceanography is the fundamental branch of PhysicalGeography.

ii) To familiarize the students with the basic and fundamental concepts of oceanography.

iii) With this study, students understand marine is key resource for thedevelopment of

                 any country.

iv) Students should know physical and chemical properties of oceans.

v) Students should know types of oceanic currents and currents ofAtlantic,Pacific and

Indian oceans.

vi) Students should know hypsographic curve, wind rose, iso-salinity lines andisotherms.

Unit 1 Introduction to Oceanography

1.1. Definition, Nature and Scope of Oceanography.

1.2. History of Oceanography.

1.3. Oceanography and other Earth and Atmospheric Sciences.

1.4. Significance of Oceanography.

UNIT 2 Properties and Dynamics of Oceans

2.1. Temperature of Oceans: Daily and Annual Range of Temperature, Factors Affecting the

Ocean Temperature

2.2. Salinity of Oceans and Seas.: Meaning and Concept, Affecting Factors ,Salinity of Inland

Seas and Lakes

2.3. Oceanic Currents: Types, Factors Responsible for Origin of Currents.

2.4. Currents of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans.

Unit 3 : Applied Oceanography

3.1. Ocean or Marine Deposits: Sources and Classification

3.2. Influence of Ocean Currents.

3.3. Marine Resources : Biotic, Mineral and Energy Resources

3.4. Ocean as Sources of Food and as Storehouse of Resources for the Future

Unit 4: Practical (Theory Only)

4.1. Hypsographic Curve.

4.2. Windrose

4.3. Iso-Salinity Lines

4.4. Isotherms

Part – II (Semester-IV)

AgriculturalGeography -Paper-VI

3. Preamble:-

Agricultural Geography is the most and comparatively developed branch ofEconomic Geography. The presence syllabus of this paper includes along with theNature and Scope the study of Agricultural determinants, Land use Theory andAgricultural systems, agricultural concepts like crop combination and productivity,impact of Green revolution and the modern technology used in agriculture. Thisstudy will be helps in making aware the students to the use of modern technologieswhich are used in agriculture. This will further help in improving the agriculturalpractices at local level.

4. General Objectives Of The Course/ Paper:

• To understand the concept and development of Agriculture.

• To examine the role of agricultural determinants towards the changingcropping pattern.

• To study the Green Revolution.

• The course also aims to familiarize the students with the Agriculturalconcepts and modern

technologies used in Agriculture.

Unit 1Nature, Scope and Determinants-

(i) Definition, Nature, Scope and Significance of AgriculturalGeography,

(ii) Evolution of agriculture in brief

(iii) Determinants of Agriculture

Unit 2 18Land-use Theory and Agricultural Systems–

1. Von Thunen’s Theory of agricultural land-use with recentmodification,

2. Agricultural Systems- (i) Dry grain farming, (ii) Intensive Wet farming, (iii) Extensive grain

farming, (iv) Plantation

Unit 3 18Concepts and Modern Agriculture-

3. Crop Combination, 4. Agricultural Productivity,

5. Green Revolution – its impact and consequences,

6. Advanced Technologies in Agriculture-i Irrigation Technology – Sprinkler – Drip, ii Fertilizer Technology – Non-organic – Organic

Unit 4 12Practical ( Theory Only)-

7. Line and Bar Graphs, 8. Proportional Circle, 9.Divided Circle, 10. Population pyramid

Geography of Tourism (IDS)

Sem- III, IV

3. Preamble:-

All of us are part and parcel of the earth’s environment. We will act as responsiblecitizens and participate proactively in all tourism activity to preserve the natural and culturalenvironment and leave for future generations in its nativeness.

4. General Objectives of the Course/ Paper :

1) To familiarize the students with aspects of tourism which have a relation with the

subject matter of Geography

2) To orient the students to the logistics of tourism industry and the role of tourism

in regional development.

3) To understand the impact of tourism on physical and human environments.

4) To familiarize the students with local, regional and national tourism

(ii) Title of Paper:-Introduction to Tourism Geography

Unit 1  Nature and Scope of Geography of Tourism –

1.1 Meaning and Definition of tourism.,

1.2 Nature,

1.3 Scope,

1.4 Importance of tourism,

1.5 Tourism as an interdisciplinary Subject

Unit 2  Factors affecting tourism development-

2.1 Physical Factors –2.1.1 Relief2.1.2 Climate2.1.3 Vegetation, 2.1.4 Wild life, 2.1.5 Water Bodies, 2.2 Socio – Cultural Factors, 2.2.1 Religious Factors, 2.2.2 Historical Factors,

2.3 Economic Factors-a) Transportation, b) Accommodation,

2.4 Other Factors

Unit 3 Classification of tourism and Tourism planning-

3.1 Classification on the basis of -3.1.1 Nationality, 3.1.2 Time of travel, 3.1.3 Number of tourist, 3.1.4 Purpose, 3.1.5 Mode of transportation, 3.1.6 Season, 3.1.7 Nature of tourism,

3.2 Planning, 3.2.1 Local planning, 3.2.2 Regional planning, 3.2.3 National planning, 3.2.4 Problems in Tourism Planning

Unit 4 Impact of Tourism-

4.1 Impact of tourism on economy,

4.2 Impact of tourism on socio-cultural aspects,

4.3 Impact of tourism on Environment,

4.4 Eco – Tourism

 (i) Paper – II

(ii) Title of Paper:-Tourism in India

Unit 1 Development of Tourism in India-

1.1 Tourism in ancient and medieval periods,

1.2 Tourism in modern period,

1.3 Role of tourism in national economy of India.

Unit 2 Geographical & Historical tourism in India-

2.1 Hill stations,

2.2 Sea beaches,

2.3 Sanctuaries and National Parks,

2.4 Water Bodies – Lakes, Water falls, snow fields,

2.5 Forts, Capital Places and other historical places.

Unit 3 Religious and Cultural tourism in India-

3.1 Religious tourist Centers in north India,

3.2 Religious tourist Centers in south India,

3.3 Cultural tourist centers in north India,

3.4 Cultural tourist centers in south India

Unit 4 Organization of Tour & Visit to Places to tourism interest (Period not more

            than one week)-

4.1 Objectives of tour,

4.2 Economic Planning,

4.3 Frame work of tour,

4.4 Choice of tourism centers,

4.5 Duration of tour,

4.6 Distance,

4.7 Means of transportation,

4.8 Age group,

4.9 Accommodation

B.A. II

(Compulsory Paper)

Environmental Studies

1. Nature of Environmental Studies.

A)  Definition, scope and importance.

b)  Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies

c)  Need for public awareness.

2. Natural Resources and Associated Problems.

a) Forest resources: Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, damsand their effects on

   forests and tribal people.

b) Water resources: Use and over-utilization of surface and groundwater, floods,

   drought, conflicts over water, dams benefits andproblems.

c) Mineral resources: Usage and exploitation. Environmental effects ofextracting and

    using mineral resources.

d) Food resources: World food problem, changes caused byagriculture effect of modern

   agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems.

e) Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and nonrenewableenergy

resources, use of alternate energy sources.Solar energy, Biomass energy, Nuclear energy.

f) Land resources: Solar energy, Biomass energy, Nuclear energy, Land as a resource,

land degradation, man induced landslides, soilerosion and desertification.Role of an

individuals in conservation of natural resources.

3. Ecosystems: Concept of an ecosystem.

Structure and function of an ecosystem.

Producers, consumers and decomposers.

Energy flow in the ecosystem.

Ecological succession.

Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids.

Introduction, types, characteristics features, structure and function of thefollowing ecosystem:

a) Forest ecosystem,

b) Grassland ecosystem,

c) Desert ecosystem,

d) Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries).

4. Biodiversity and its conservation

Introduction- Definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity.

Bio-geographical classification of India.Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical,aesthetic and option values.India as a mega- diversity nation.

Western Ghat as a biodiversity region.Hot-spot of biodiversity.

Threats to biodiversity habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man- wildlifeconflicts.Endangered and endemic species of India.

Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation ofbiodiversity.

5. Environmental Pollution

Definition: Causes, effects and control measures of: Air pollution,Water pollution, soil pollution, Marine pollution, Noise pollution, Thermalpollution, Nuclear hazards.Solid waste Management: Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes. Role of aindividual in prevention of pollution.

6. Social Issues and the Environment

Disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone, tsunami and landslides.

Urban problems related to energyWater conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed managementResettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns.Environmental ethics: Issue and possible solutions.

Global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents andholocaust.Wasteland reclamation.Consumerism and waste products.

7. Environmental Protection

From Unsustainable to Sustainable development.Environmental Protection Act.

Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act.Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act.

Wildlife Protection Act.Forest Conservation Act.Population Growth and Human Health, Human Rights.

8. Field Work

Visit to a local area to document environmental assets River/Forest/Grassland/Hill/Mountain.

or

Visit to a local polluted site - Urban / Rural / Industrial /Agricultural.

or

Study of common plants, insects, birds.

or

Study of simple ecosystems - ponds, river, hill slopes, etc.